狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句子含義，可以表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、行為方式、比較、讓步等。狀語(yǔ)從句主要考查連接詞，包括不同狀語(yǔ)從句的常用連接詞和一些特殊連接詞。

一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

連接詞

when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as (一……就), hardly…when (一……就), no sooner…than (一……就), the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly

注意：

主句表示將來(lái)意義時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；while引導(dǎo)的從句中動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的；until用在肯定句中主句動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的，用在否定句中主句動(dòng)詞是短暫性的。

二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

連接詞：where, wherever

三、原因狀語(yǔ)

連接詞：because, as, since, now that (既然)

注意：because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)；since較弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as次之。

四、條件狀語(yǔ)

連接詞：if, unless(除非，如果不), once, in case (以防), as long as (只要), on condition that (條件是)

注意：從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不可用將來(lái)時(shí)，常用一般時(shí)代替。

五、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)

連接詞：so…that, such…that

六、目的狀語(yǔ)

連接詞：so that, in order that, for fear that (唯恐，以免)

注意：so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

七、比較狀語(yǔ)

連接詞：than, as…as, not so / as…as, the more…the more

八、方式狀語(yǔ)

連接詞：as if, as though, as

注意：as if和as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

九、讓步狀語(yǔ)

連接詞：

though, although, even if, even though, as,

no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, whenever

注意：as在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中常用倒裝形式；although和though用正常語(yǔ)序，可與yet連用，不與but連用。

幾對(duì)需區(qū)分的狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞

1、引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的when,while和as。

1)When意為“當(dāng)…的時(shí)候”；引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是短暫性動(dòng)詞。

EG1：Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get為短暫性動(dòng)詞)

你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作,為何還想再找新的?

注意常考的句型：

①be about to do…when=be on the point of doing…when… 正要做…這時(shí)突然

②be doing…when…正在做…這時(shí)突然

③had just done …when 剛做完…這時(shí)突然

2)while 意為“當(dāng)….的時(shí)候”；引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。注意：

while還可以作并列連詞表示“但是，然而”，表示兩種情況對(duì)比；也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表“盡管，雖然”。

EG2：Strike while the iron is hot. (is為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài))趁熱打鐵。

3)as 意為“一邊…..一邊……;當(dāng)….的時(shí)候 ;隨著”; 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞, 但側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)主、從句動(dòng)作同點(diǎn)或同段進(jìn)行。

EG3：The students took notes as they listened. (listen為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)

學(xué)生們邊聽(tīng)課邊做筆記。

注意：

as還可以引導(dǎo)原因狀從句表“因?yàn)?，由于”和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表“盡管，雖然”，具體用法見(jiàn)后。

2、引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的because, as 和since。

1) because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見(jiàn)的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。

EG4: I didn’t go, because I was ill at that time.

我沒(méi)有去，因?yàn)槲夷菚r(shí)病了。

2）由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號(hào)，則可以用for來(lái)代替。但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。

EG5: He is absent today, becausefor he is ill.

他今天缺席了，因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>

3、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的although, though 和 as。

這三個(gè)詞都表示“盡管，雖然”，用法的區(qū)別主要在于倒裝問(wèn)題上：

Although 不能倒裝， though可以倒裝也可以不倒裝， as必須倒裝。倒裝一般分為三種情況：

1） 表語(yǔ)提前，構(gòu)成倒裝

EG6: Though/Although she is very pretty,she is not clever.

雖然她很漂亮，但是她不聰明。

→Pretty though she is,she is not clever.

2）動(dòng)詞提前，構(gòu)成倒裝

EG7: Though/Although they searched,they could not find anything in the house.

雖然他們搜遍了，卻沒(méi)在房子里找到任何東西。

→Search as they did,they could not find anything in the house.

3）副詞提前，構(gòu)成倒裝

EG8: Though/Although he tried hard,he couldn't pass the exam.

盡管他努力了，他還沒(méi)有通過(guò)考試。

→Hard as he tried,he couldn't pass the exan.

注意事項(xiàng)：

1、一些詞，如the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than等也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于as soon as的意思。

如：

I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called. 我一刻都沒(méi)等。你一打電話(huà)我就來(lái)了。

2、一些含有time的名詞短語(yǔ)，如every time, each time, next time, by the time等，以及the day, the year, the morning等，也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

如：

The day he returned home, his father was already dead. 他回家的時(shí)候他父親已經(jīng)去世了。

Next time you come, please bring your composition. 下次來(lái)時(shí)請(qǐng)帶上你的作品。

3、whatever, whoever, whichever等-ever詞可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（主要指主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句），也可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句（相當(dāng)于no matter what/who/which）。由于-ever使用范圍更廣，所以當(dāng)選項(xiàng)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)-ever結(jié)構(gòu)與no matter結(jié)構(gòu)，優(yōu)先選擇-ever結(jié)構(gòu)。

如：

You can pick whichever one you like. 你喜歡哪個(gè)就挑哪個(gè)。

Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize. 你們誰(shuí)先到誰(shuí)就能得獎(jiǎng)。

Whatever happens, don’t forget to write. 無(wú)論怎樣別忘了寫(xiě)信。

Whoever you ask, the answer is always the same. 不管你問(wèn)誰(shuí)，答案都一樣。

小試牛刀

刷題測(cè)試，你能做對(duì)幾道？

別看答案、別看答案、別看答案

1.____ in the work that she often forgot____her meals.

A．So absorbed was Keller；to take

B．So absorbed Keller was；to take

C．So absorbed Keller was；taking

D．So absorbed was Keller；taking

2.Only____the painting_____decide whether it is worth buying.

A．that he sees; can he

B．that does he see; he can

C．when he sees; can he

D．when does he see; can he

3.Not until the man was out of work again_____going to attend a training class.

A．he considered

B．did he consider

C．does he consider

D．considers

4.____about the economic crisis that he decided to look for more information about it.

A．So curious he was

B．So curious was he

C．Such curious he was

D．Such curious was he

5.At no time____the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.

A．they actually broke

B．do they actually break

C．did they actually break

D．they had actually broken

6.Only____as an interpreter_____how important it was to practise speaking English.

A．when did I work…I realized

B．when did I work…did I realize

C．when I work…did I realize

D．when I worked…did I realize

7.Only when your identity has been checked____.

A．you are allowed in

B．you will be allowed in

C．will you allow in

D．will you be allowed in

8.So difficult _____it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.

A．I did find

B．did I find

C．I have found

D．have I found

9.— Did you know any French before you arrived in Washington?
— Never _____it, actually.

A．had I learned

B．have I learned

C．I learned

D．was I learning

10.—I have finished my homework.
— . ______Let’s go to play tennis.

A．So have I

B．I have so

C．So did I

D．So you do

答案

1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C

6.D 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.A